Reweighting technique that facilitates the decomposition of mortality differences into aĬomponent that reflects compositional differences in socioeconomic and demographicĬharacteristics between blacks and whites. This article quantifies the proportion of the racial gap in life expectancy that can beĪccounted for by differences in characteristics such as income, education, employmentĪnd occupation, homeownership, urban residence, and marital status. These studies have left largely unexamined the extent to which SES explains disparities Past studies is that by focusing on mortality hazards estimated over limited age ranges, Racial differences in health outcomes, and numerous studies have attempted toĭecompose racial mortality differences, usually between blacks and whites, intoĪ component that is attributable to group differences in SES. This scholarly work has focused on the role of socioeconomic status (SES) in explaining Research on racial disparities in health (for an overview, see Harris 2010). Policy interest in the past two decades, which has been met with a surge of scholarly Mortality differences across racial lines have attracted significant publicĮlectronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s1352-1)Ĭontains supplementary material, which is available to authori zed users.ĭepartment of Economics, Princeton University, 348 Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA Since 1980, the difference in lifeĮxpectancy at birth between whites and blacks has ranged from 5.1 to 7.1 years (AriasĮt al. In the United States, whites live longer than blacks. Precise measures for income and education are controlled for. Labor force participation, occupation, and (among women only) marital status haveĪlmost no additional power to explain the black-white disparity in life expectancy after For females, 70% percent of the gap is accounted for. In life expectancy at age 1 can be accounted for by differences in socioeconomic andĭemographic characteristics. The distribution of these variables among whites.
Marital status, and other theoretically relevant variables among blacks is made to match Samples in which the distribution of income, education, employment and occupation, The decomposition is facilitated by a reweighting technique that creates counterfactual estimation Although many studies have investigated the linkages between race, socioeconomic status, and mortality, this article is the first to measure how much of the lifeĮxpectancy gap remains after differences in mortality are purged of the compositionalĭifferences in socioeconomic characteristics between blacks and whites. How Much Can the Standard SES Variables Explain?Ībstract This article quantifies the extent to which socioeconomic and demographicĬharacteristics can account for black-white disparities in life expectancy in the United Black-White Disparities in Life Expectancy:
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